Epidemiological and biological profiles of chronic renal failed at the University Hospital of Joseph Ravoahangy Andrianavalona in Madagascar

Introduction: Chronic renal failed is an irreversible decline in renal function as measured by glomerular filtration rate. The aim of this study is to describe the epidemiological characteristics of chronic renal failed.
Methods: This is a retrospective and descriptive study from January 1, 2019 to December 31, 2020 carried out at the UPFR (Paraclinical Unit of Training and Research) of Biochemistry and the USFR (Care Unit of Training and Research) of Nephrological intensive care of CHU-JRA (University hospital center Joseph Ravoahangy Andrianavalona). All biochemical analysis request forms prescribed by the nephrological intensive care department were included, with clinical information of chronic renal failure and confirmed GFR<60 ml/mn/1.73 m2 on the patient's file.
Results: Fifty files were selected. The average age was 50.80 years, with a sex ratio of 1.5. The most affected population generally had a low standard of living. Hypertensive patients were the most common, accounting for 82% of cases, with diabetes in third place with 32% of cases. The mean creatinine level was 1067 µmol/l. The average glomerular filtration rate was 7.25. The uraemia was 44.20 mmol/l. Among the ionic disorders, hyperkalaemia was the most common, accounting for 68% of cases. Of the 78% (n=39) of patients who had a blood count, 92.31% (n=36) had normochromic normocytic anaemia.
Conclusion: Chronic renal failed remains a public health problem especially in low income countries. It is always associated with other disturbances of biological parameters that should be monitored and corrected.